Informe de Situación

Un Informe de Situación es un documento operacional conciso creado con la intención de apoyar la coordinación de una respuesta humanitaria en una crisis aguda. Debe permitir una visión de las necesidades, respuestas y brechas en una emergencia dada. Un Informe de Situación de OCHA se utiliza para ayudar a los actores directamente involucradas en una emergencia humanitaria sobre los desarrollos en el campo. También se utiliza para mobilizar recursos. Un Informe de Situación debe ser factual, neutral, sin sesgos y sin emociones en su reporte sobre la respuesta humanitaria. Debe ver tan solo un Informe de Situación de OCHA por emergencia en el dominio público al mismo tiempo.

Publicación

Un Informe de Situación debe ser emitido como una fase

(extract)*••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••oOwnerERfocaFOCAl poiPOIntTEmergency Relief Coordinator*This is an extract of an official Standard Operating Procedure that is being developed in accordance with the OCHA Guidance Management System.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••triggerTRIGGER••••••••••A Situation Report should only be issued during the acute phase of an emergency (complex emergency or natural disaster), i.e. at the onset of a new crisis or deterioration of an on-going emergency. The term “Situation Report” and the corresponding template should not be used to report on chronic emergencies where the humanitarian situation may be dire but is not rapidly changing. A regular weekly or monthly report should be used to convey this information. The Head of Office (or delegate) is responsible for deciding whether an event merits an OCHA Situation Report. This judgment should be made in consultation with the Resident Coordinator/Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC), where applicable, and on the advice of the staff in country and/or the responsible CRD Desk Officer. (See below, Drafting)The decision to issue information in a Situation Report or in a regular weekly report should not delay the proactive collecting and consolidating of information on the event. The information will be needed regardless of its final format. Things to consider, among others, when deciding to issue a Situation Report: Wwhat are the numbers of dead and missing and are they likely to rise? How many people may be affected? How significant is the number of dead and affected in the context of the overall population figure? Has there been a GDACS alert? Has the government declared an emergency? Has the government requested or accepted international assistance? Is an UNnDAC team on standby to deploy? Wwill a Flash Appeal be issued? Has there been a CERF request? Has an OCHA Emergency Task Force been established? Situation Reports Standard Operating Procedures••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••The Situation Report has multiple audiences, with differing requirements. The primary audiences to consider include: humanitarian actors in the affected country, humanitarian actors outside the country, donors, and OCHA staff outside the country. • Humanitarian actors in the affected country want to assess the overall situation and know what other agencies are doing. • Humanitarian actors outside the country want to decide whether to intervene.• Donors want the big picture of how the overall situation and response are evolving in order to make funding decisions and recommendations.• OCHA staff outside the country use Situation Reports as a basis for other types of internal and external reports.Secondary audiences include national governments, civil society organizations, the media and the general public. audieAUDIEnceCEThe first Situation Report should be issued within 24 hours of the emergency. In the initial phase of the emergency, a Situation Report should be issued every day. As the situation becomes more stable, reporting should move to every second or third day. Once the emergency response phase has subsided, the Head of Office is responsible for deciding whether to phase reporting into a weekly or monthly report, or to end public reporting altogether. This decision should be made in consultation with the RC/HC and on the advice of the relevant Humanitarian Affairs Officer/Reports Officer. Recipients should be informed of this change when the last Situation Report in a series is issued. Include the following text in the body of your last email: “This is the last Situation Report for [emergency], unless unforeseen developments occur. For more information on [country], go to [website] or read the following regular report: [report name].” (Also see Llife Cycle of a Situation Report visual)freFREqueUEncCyFor emergencies that occur in a country where there is an OCHA Field Office, the Humanitarian Affairs Officer is responsible for compiling the first draft of the Situation Report. For emergencies that occur in a country where there is a Field Presence, the OCHA staff person in country is responsible for compiling the first draft. For emergencies that occur in a country where there is no OCHA Field Office or Field Presence, the UNn Country Team (UNnCT) or Office of the Resident Coordinator is required to produce their own Situation Report. It is at the discretion of the Head of the Regional Office in consultation with the team in country and the CRD Desk Officer whether to issue a separate OCHA Situation Report or to just support the production of the UNnCT or RC Situation Report. (See below, Clearance Process)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••draftiDRAFTIngG Situation Reports Standard Operating Procedures ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••The standard template for an OCHA Situation Report should be followed in all cases. All Situation Reports should have the following basic headings: highlights/key priorities, situation overview, humanitarian response, funding and contact details. The humanitarian response heading should include sub headings for the main clusters/sectors. Sub-headings can be listed in alphabetical order to avoid having to justify why certain cluster are listed first or they can be prioritized according to greatest need. Other headings might include priority needs, access and security, coordination, and geographic locations, etc. (See embedded template for more guidance).The ordering of headings may be adjusted depending on what information has to be emphasized at certain points in the emergency. A heading or sub-heading can be removed or the designation NnTR (“nothing to report”) can be used when there has been no development of importance. For non-corporate emergencies, the Situation Report is cleared by the Head of Office and issued in the field to a local audience and copied to the Desk Officer. Should the report merit global distribution, the Desk Officer should send it (as is) to the global mailing list (OCHA SitrepLlist). Supplementary Headquarters content should be incorporated into the next numbered version of the Situation Report to avoid having competing versions in the public domain. When deciding whether to send the Situation Report to the global distribution list, consider the following: Does the emergency have global significance? Wwill an appeal be launched? Is the situation likely to escalate? ClearaEARAnceCE ProcessROCESS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••The main sources of content for the Situation Report are partners and actors in the field. This includes cluster and sector leads, national and international NnGOs, civil society organizations, the national government, parties to the conflict, donors and the media. (Use sound judgment when citing information from conflicting parties). The information should not be listed cumulatively from the start of the emergency. The history of the response can be dealt with in another information product, if necessary. Situation Reports should not be a roster of organizations or projects in the field. The details of a cluster/sector response can be hyperlinked or annexed.Use tables to display a set of figures that change over time. Situation Reports should include a location map, which are produced by the ReliefWweb Map Centre within 24 hours for all natural disasters. For other types of acute emergencies, specific requests can be sent to maps@reliefweb.int.Make sure the information requirements for the Situation Report are clear to humanitarian partners. Provide regular feedback on the content they submit. Distribute the “Cluster/Sector template for OCHA Situation Reports” (under development) to cluster leads when appropriate. coCOnteTEntT••••••••••••••••formatFORMAT Situation Reports Standard Operating Procedures For large-scale, politically complex or corporate emergencies, the Director CRD will notify the Head of Office that the Situation Report will be cleared through Headquarters. The Head of Office has responsibility for the content and quality of the Situation Report prior to its arrival to Headquarters. The Desk Officer should supplement the report with Headquarters information as required. The final report should be cleared by the Director CRD (or delegate) before being distributed simultaneously to a local and global audience. In cases where local time differences may prevent issuing a timely report, the Director CRD may delegate responsibility for clearance to the Head of Office. In this instance, the Desk Officer should distribute the final version (as is) to the global mailing list. Supplementary Headquarters content should be incorporated into the next numbered version of the Situation Report.Should the Field or Regional Office have an operational or political need to distribute a separate information product on the emergency from the OCHA Situation Report, that report should be called a Field Update or something similar, and the template for the Situation Report should not be used. (See Annex 1 for process table)••••••••••••••••The title of a Situation Report should follow the following format: OCHA Situation Report Nno. [x] Country Emergency Date. Wwhen saving a Situation Report file, use the following metadata format: OCHASitrepNno.[x]CountryEmergencyDate.NaminAMIngG CoOnveEntioTIOnsS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••The Situation Report should be sent by email to an agreed distribution list. If no mailing list exists, the focal point should send it to their contact list, and provide a link to sign up for Situation Reports on the country website. Make it an option for your audience to get on and off of the distribution list. The subject line of the email should read: OCHA Situation Report [x] Country Emergency Date. The Situation Report should be attached as a PDF file to prevent alteration. Llimit the file size as much as possible: An empty Situation Report template is 100KB; a ReliefWweb location map is under 50KB; a ReliefWweb situation map can be up to 1MB. The maximum file size for Llotus Nnotes is 3MB. In the body of the email message, cut and paste the text from the “highlights/key priorities” section so that busy readers can access that information without having to open the attachment.If the Situation Report is issued by the field (for non-corporate emergencies), the focal point in country is responsible for sending the Situation Report to ReliefWweb (submit@reliefweb.int), and the Desk Officer should ensure that this has been done. If the Situation Report is issued at Headquarters (for corporate emergencies), the Desk Officer is responsible for sending it to ReliefWweb.distributioDISTRIBUTIOn••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ClearaEARAnceCE ProcessROCESScoCOntiTInuedUED Situation Reports Standard Operating Procedures ••••••••••••••••If an UNnDAC team is deployed, the UNnDAC Situation Report, an internal report for the disaster response community, should be used as a source for the OCHA Situation Report. Information from an OCHA Situation Report is often used as the basic content of other OCHA core products. This includes but is not limited to: Press Releases, Key Messages, Talking Points and Nnotes to the USG/SG. ReElatioATIOnshipSHIP toTO otherOTHER OCHA productsPRODUCTS ••••••••••••••••Situation Reports produce for non-corporate emergencies and cleared by the field should be distributed in the most appropriate language for the local humanitarian partners (i.e. Spanish, French or Arabic). Should a locally distributed, non-English language Situation Report be forwarded by the Desk Officer to the global Sitrep mailing list, an English language version should also be made available, depending on the capacity of staff. Situation Reports produced for corporate emergencies and cleared by Headquarters should always be distributed in English. It is the responsibility of the Field or Regional Office to provide translation from the local language into English, when necessary. TraRAnsSlatioATIOn•••••••••••••••••••••••••Situation Report Checklist 1. Is the emergency an acute crisis? 2. Have you provided the big picture of the response and remaining gaps?  3. Is all of your information sourced? 4. Is all of the information placed into context?  5. Are technical terms and uncommon acronyms explained?  6. Is there any information that is too vague to be useful?  7. Is it less than three pages?  8. Has it gone through the appropriate clearance process?  9. Have you used the OCHA template? 10. Is it clear what the reporting period is and when the next report will be issued?••••••••••••••••Wwithin one week of the final Situation Report being issued, conduct an audience survey in order to get feedback and make improvements for next time. Share the results with the audience. feedbackFEEDBACK•••••••• Process for Non Corporate EmergenciesProcess for Corporate EmergenciesOCHA presePRESEnceCEDraftiRAFTIngGFiInaAl ClearaEARAnceCEDistributioISTRIBUTIOnfieFIEldDOfficeFFICEField Office HAO compiles draftHoO clears report for distributionHAO distributes report to local mailing list and copies Desk Officer who may or may not forward it to global listFieIEldD PreseRESEnceCEOCHA staff person in country compiles initial draft, sends to Regional OfficeRegional Office HAO adds relevant regional content.Regional HoO clears report for distribution HAO distributes report to local mailing list and copies Desk Officer who may or may not forward it to global listNonO fieFIEldD OfficeFFICE orOR FieIEldD PreseRESEnceCERegional Office HAO compiles draft*Regional HoO clears report for distributionHAO distributes report to local mailing list and copies Desk Officer who may or may not forward it to global list * If a UNnCT or RC Sitrep has been issued, it is at the discretion of the Regional HoO whether to issue a separate OCHA Sitrep.OCHA DraftiRAFTIngGFiInaAl ClearaEARAnceCEDistributioISTRIBUTIOnFIEldDOfficeFFICEField Office HAO compiles draftHoO clears report for HQqDesk Officer adds relevant HQq content. Director CRD (or delegate) clears report for distribution* Desk Officer distributes report simultaneously to global and local mailing list**FieIEldD PreseRESEnceCEOCHA staff person in country compiles initial draft, sends to Regional Office Regional HoO clears report for HQqDesk Officer adds relevant HQq content. Director CRD (or delegate) clears report for distribution* Desk Officer distributes report simultaneously to global and local mailing list**nO OfficeFFICE FieIEldD PreseRESEnceCERegional Office HAO compiles draftRegional HoO clears report for HQqDesk Officer adds relevant HQq content. Director CRD (or delegate) clears report for distribution* Desk Officer distributes report simultaneously to global and local mailing list** * In cases where local time differences may prevent issuing a timely report, the Director CRD may delegate responsibility for clearance to the HoO. In this instance, the Desk Officer should distribute the final version as is to the global mailing list and supplementary HQq content should be added to the next numbered version.** If the local mailing list is not available to the Desk Officer, the HAO in the Field or Regional Office should circulate it to the local list.AnneEx 1